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Sand production is anticipated to become an issue at some time throughout the field's life because the majority of the world's oil and gas reserves are found in sandstone reservoirs. ... sand generation happens during the hydrocarbon production from a well . The failed rock is transported by the oil or gas flow, which results in a number of ...
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In order to simulate the sand production of formation rock under alternating load during the operation of gas storage, the experimental cores are taken from Well N77 in Block Nanpu1-29 and Well G1 in Block Pugu2. The conditions of these two wells are shown in Table 1. The experimental method of thick wall cylinder was adopted, that is, drilling ...
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Figure C shows a catastrophic sand production where unconsolidated rock intrudes toward the well. Although there are high fluctuation and uncertainties in the results, it seems this level of accuracy gives a good insight into decision making about well completion type, sand control selection, and field management. ...
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The paper discusses sand production from oilfield chemicals-rock interactions, models that are used to forecast sand production, personnel safety, and maintaining production facilities.
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The paper discusses sand production from oilfield chemicals-rock interactions, models that are used to forecast sand production, personnel safety, and maintaining production facilities. In addition to determining sanding onset, some models can detect the rate or quantity of sand produced, which can help with sand management.
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produces a residual sand or "grus." Another process is rock decomposition which may also produce sand-or at least yield a significant sand fraction. as a product of this decomposition. …
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Judging from the accumulation curve of sand production and the distribution of sand grains, free sand and weakly cemented sand will begin to appear in the stratum, and the formation rock skeleton will be destroyed and the amount of sand production is increasing rapidly. Therefore, sand control measures must be taken.
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I take a typical ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoir located in Tarim Basin as an example to investigate the rare sand production problem. The situation of sand production was presented, and then conventional analyses were conducted. Six tight sandstone core plugs were selected to conduct rock mechanical tests before and after salt precipitation. Ultimately, a …
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strength rocks at low stress conditions, the process of sand production is less sensitive to hole size. This is an important factor to consider in decidi ng the dimensions of test
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Sand production is a common problem in the development of oil and gas fields. A large amount of sand production will lead to formation plugging, production reduction or even shutdown of oil and gas wells. ... The swelling of the clay can affect the stability of the rock and cause sand outgassing. 10.3 Analysis of Sand Emergence Under Different ...
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Therefore, sand production can occur when the rock deforms because of in situ stresses related to reservoir depletion, which causes effective stresses to surpass the formation strength (Aminu et al. 2019a). Consider a rock formation as a cage that encloses individual sand grains. While the fluids in the pores push outward against the cage walls ...
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Granite rock sand usually has fineness modulus of 2.8–3.0. Zhou et al. (2008) found that it is 3.5. Dolomite rock sand has a higher range of fineness modulus (3.8–4.2) which implies coarseness than other CRS (Katz and Baum, 2006; Wang et al., 2014; Cepuritis et al., 2015). Average percentage of fine content is given in Table 4. Granite and ...
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Sand is a loose, fragmented, naturally-occurring material consisting of very small particles of decomposed rocks, corals, or shells. Sand is used to provide bulk, strength, and other …
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By Don Bleiwas, Physical Scientist, U.S. Geological Survey An aerial view of a frac sand operation in Chippewa County, Wis., circa 2012 (Photograph provided courtesy of Jim Tittle at ) …
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2.2.2 Influence of Sand Production on Porosity Structure 45 3 Sand Production Rate Prediction and Productivity Index Appraisal 56 3.1 Evolvement of Sand Production Rate Prediction Method 57 3.1.1 Wellsite Engineering Method 57 3.1.2 Stress‐Strain Model 58 3.1.3 Wormhole Model 60 3.1.4 Solid–Fluid Coupling Model 62 3.2 Sand Production Rate ...
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It is generally accepted that sand production cannot occur from intact rock, even if it is poorly consolidated, since a flowing fluid does not normally provide sufficient force to pull sand grains …
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Unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs have low rock strength and are easily damaged by sand production. To evaluate the effect of the microscopic pore system on the degree of recovery and sand ...
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1. Introduction. The sand production prediction is one of the long-standing and complex problems in the petroleum industry [1].From the phenomenological viewpoint, sand production can occur when the formation do not present sufficient strength to withstand destabilizing forces generated during the flow of reservoir fluid [2], [3], [4].A wide variety of …
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In this chapter we consider two problems. One has to do with how sand is formed and the other deals with the source or place where sand is produced. In the first, we are concerned with the processes involved in the production of sand, how sand grains come into being....
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AIMIX's rock sand manufacturing process line offers a production capacity ranging from 50t/h to 500t/h, with the flexibility to produce different sizes of finished products based on user requirements. Here are the three major performance advantages of the stone sand production line: ... Aimix's sand production plant operates with a high ...
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The shale sand production line process generally includes several key stages: raw material preparation, crushing, screening, sand production, washing, drying (optional), storage, …
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ABSTRACT:. It is the scope of this work to present an analytical model for sand rate, and to compare its predictions to experi-mental observations as well as numerical simulations, in order to illustrate possible mechanisms involved in the sand production process. The extent to which it can be used for quantitative predictions remains to be verified. The …
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The production of crushed rock aggregate involves the process of mining known as quarrying and it also has some environmental impacts such as noise pollution as a result of explosives and heavy ...
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In this chapter we consider two problems. One has to do with how sand is formed and the other deals with the source or place where sand is produced. In the first, we are concerned with the …
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Among others factors, the triggers for sanding include: drilling, cementing, and completion operations; stress and pressure conditions; formation strength and weakening; and cyclic processes. Any single factor may suffice to initiate sand production. Hence, comprehending sanding entails examining various physical mechanisms concerning the interaction between …
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Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) flooding technology can significantly enhance the oil recovery but the impact on sandstone reservoirs remains unclear. In this study, the mechanisms of sand production during SC-CO2 flooding are systematically studied via the coupled resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM), …
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A sandstone is a rock which consists of sand the size of quartz, and its grains size are nearly equivalent to each other and composed of silica cement with minimal fragment particles (Berg, 1970). Approximately 70% of the world's oil and gas is found in ... Sand production may be inevitable in unconsolidated sandstone formation with ...
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To address this issue, a physical simulation experiment was conducted to study sand production during injection and production in underground gas storage, with varying formation pressure and water ...
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Excessive sand production is, therefore, undesirable and will limit oil recovery rates. A typical measure of these limits on recovery rates is the so-called "sandfree rate." A sandfree rate might be based on direct damage caused by sand production or might be based on the cost of sand management systems that limit the damage of the sand.
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The paper discusses sand production from oilfield chemicals-rock interactions, models that are used to forecast sand production, personnel safety, and maintaining production facilities.
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The mechanical strength of rock in terms of shear or compressive failure has been previously adopted as a criterion for sand production and when used solely has been proven to overestimate the ...
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A more cautious selection and rigorous coupling of rock strength models in sand production modelling is therefore essential if accuracy of predictions is to be improved. View.
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The production process could be divided into sand/gravel co-production process and separate produced sand process according to the processing methods of MS. In the practical project, it is recommended to give priority to the sand/gravel co-production process, which should be adjusted according to the changes of parent rock and the requirements ...
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The control mechanism of injection pressure on sand production damage is evaluated through an in-depth analysis of experimental data. The sand production damage under different injection pressures is shown in Figure Figure16 16. The sand production damage of the five unconsolidated sandstone core samples ranged between 2.55 and 19.98%.
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A numerical model is developed to simulate fluid flow conditions around a wellbore and to evaluate mechanisms governing fluid flow, pressure gradients, rock failure and the ensuing sand production. The rock material behaviour matches sandstone described by the DruckerPrager material failure model.
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Therefore, sand production is a cyclic process that can be modeled as follows: At first, sand is continuously produced by an erosion process, described by Equations 1 and 7. After a while, there is a burst of sand production, and a new cycle begins. This process can repeat several times, making sand production continuous over a long pe-
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