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METALLURGICAL PRINCIPLES OF CONVENTIONAL COPPER SLAG CLEANING FURNACES Metal losses in discard slag, as applicable in the copper industry, are the main factor determining overall plant recovery ...
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Copper slag cleaning in an electric furnace is a critical process for reducing the excessive magnetite (Fe3O4) present in the copper slag to decrease the slag viscosity, which can promote the ...
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To decrease the copper loss, a cleaning furnace (e.g. electric slag-cleaning furnace, rotary slag-cleaning furnace) is applied after the pyrometallurgical process, followed by a drain …
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A series of copper slag cleaning experiments with different WCO dosages along with various temperatures and settling durations was systematically carried out in a laboratory-scale electric furnace.
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Tenova Pyromet has developed innovative technologies for copper smelting and electric slag cleaning furnaces. Based on client feedback and requirements, innovative designs have been developed...
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slag cleaning reactor. It creates the conditions that the furnace is over-dimensioned for the amount of slag from Teniente Converter together with charged solid reverts. Efficiency of copper recovery from a slag in an electric furnace depends on number of factors. The furnace dimensions play significant role, determining slag circulation pattern
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In large electric copper slag-cleaning furnaces utilizing insulating linings, campaign lives of six or more years are realistic if consideration is given to each aspect that can degrade the ...
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The produced slag from each of the two slag blows is transferred to the slag cleaning furnaces (along with flash furnace slag) for cleaning prior to discharge, while the high copper slag from the ...
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The smelting and converting El Teniente process for copper concentrates as well as slag cleaning furnace technologies to treat slags coming out from the El Teniente furnaces are widely applied ...
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Converter copper slag can be viewed as an important secondary resource for valuable metals, considering its high commercial value. The current research investigates the recycling of copper by a combination of theoretical and experimental methods. ... The formation and motion of copper droplets in electric slag cleaning furnace is an ongoing ...
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The submerged electric arc furnace (SAF) has proven a versatile unit in numerous metallurgical applications for more than a century. Countless innovations have made this furnace type become the most commonly used furnace for increased metal recoveries and slag-cleaning operations. In many applications, SAFs are also employed as primary melting units (e.g., Ni …
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With 's Outotec Electric Slag Cleaning Furnace, the cleaning of smelting furnace slag is carried out using surface coke reduction in an electric furnace. The circular or rectangular electric furnace is operated in batches and equipped …
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in many electric slag-cleaning furnaces and in some rotary slag-cleaning furnaces. The ultimate objec-tive of the current work was to evaluate the mini-mum level of soluble copper that can be achieved in electric furnace slag-cleaning operations under conditions when a small layer of molten copper is present.
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Keywords: slag cleaning, copper smelting slag, flux, EPMA analysis In the copper smelting process, more than two tons of slag is produced with each ton of copper. Copper losses in smelting slags are made up of chemically soluble copper (≈ 30%) and as mechanically entrained matter droplets (≈ 70%). This is the key technical concern for
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Copper slag tap-hole without a support cooler used in a PGM furnace ... Copper cooling design, installation and operational results for the slag cleaning furnace at Waterval Smelter, Rustenburg ...
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During the last few decades, the pyrometallurgical processes used for cleaning copper smelting slags have been steadily optimized. The electric furnace or rotary slag-cleaning furnace are now generally used to perform this …
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In recent years, pyrometallurgical methods have been utilized to clean the copper slag once it is drained and transferred to the electric slag-cleaning furnace in industry, in which some reducing and vulcanizing agents are added to decrease the viscosity of slag and facilitate the settling of the copper phase [1], [4], [31]. Extensive research ...
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Hence, the recent trends of copper smelting invariably lead to significant copper loss in slag, which needs to be recovered by means of reduction and settling in a separate slag cleaning furnace. The reduction of Cu 2 O from slags is carried out by adding carbon/coke or by injection of various reductants (e.g., different types of oil or natural ...
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The system also has additional positive effects during the cleaning and settling process, ensuring that the copper content in the cleaned slag is reduced to a minimum. SMS group offers its customers cooling and lining concepts that …
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Copper slag cleaning in an industrial electric furnace commonly reduces the magnetite to < 5 wt pct, which ensures that the slag is in a proper viscosity range for promoting …
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A process is provided for recovering in a slag cleaning furnace the copper from smelting furnace slags discharged from a smelting furnace for copper refinery, said process being characterized in that zinc removed tailings are charged into said slag smelting furnace in an either continuous or discontinuous manner, whereby the copper recovery may be improved and valuable metals …
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Copper slag cleaning in an electric furnace consists of two steps: high-temperature reduction, and melt separation through sedimentation. High-temperature reduction, which primarily reduces the excessive Fe 3 O 4 in slag to FeO, is a critical step as it involves a chemical process that depends on many variables. On the contrary, the melt ...
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Figure 1: Tuyere and purging plug arrangements in a slag cleaning furnace that are considered in the study. Figure 2: (a) Capillary plug integrated into furnace lining.
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As shown in analysis step (d) in Figure 2, the rectangular furnace concept is derived based on calculation principles for furnace dimensioning to existing, rectangular copper slag-cleaning ...
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Copper matte and slag continuously flow through a chute to the electric slag cleaning furnace for separation by precipitation; the copper matte, at a grade of around 70%, flows continuously through a chute into the converting furnace for converting; the cleaned slag contains 0.6–0.8% copper and is discharged continuously for water quenching.
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Kansanshi Copper Smelter began operation in March 2015. The smelter features a single Isasmelt furnace for smelting, one 6-in-line electric furnace for matte-settling and slag-cleaning duties ...
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by carbothermic reduction, in the electric slag-cleaning furnaces (ESCF). In the first electric furnace (20 MVA), called the SCF (slag-cleaning furnace), copper oxide is reduced to produce blister copper (98.25% Cu) and slag containing 3 to 5% Cu, 0.78% Co. The slag from the first furnace is transferred to the second
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The copper slag cleaning in an electric furnace is based on slag reduction and settling of copper matte inclusions. Copper recovery depends on the slag temperature, degree of magnetite reduction and slag residence time. The formation of solid buildup on the furnace hearth leads to the decrease of furnace volume and slag residence time, affecting
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Steinacker, S.R.; Antrekowitsch, J. Kinetic investigation of the electric furnace copper slag treatment. In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, Nashville, ... Kempken, J. Rectangular furnace design and revolutionary DC-slag cleaning technology for the PGM industry.
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The new reactor technology can also be used for existing platinum production lines to replace conventional electric slag cleaning furnaces and primary smelters. ... and trends in the copper slag ...
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LATEST RESULTS OF THE SLAG CLEANING REACTOR FOR COPPER RECOVERY 199 The slag velocity is similar. The results of CFD modelling (Figure 3 and 4) for a large furnace show very high slag velocities (up to 0.08 m/s) below the electrode at low magnetic field values (0.01 tesla). The second part of the channel furnace has a
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Slag Cleaning Furnace. In this furnace, copper rich oxide slags are melted in electric arc furnaces and coke & copper pyrite are added to reduce copper content in the slag. In order to increase reaction rate, slag is over-heated to produce low viscosity aggressive slag.
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The use of an electric arc furnace for recovery of metal values from slag generated in a secondary copper smelter has been successfully demonstrated and commercialized. Blast furnace slag containing about 1.5% Cu, 1.0% Pb, 3.5% Zn, 1.0% Ni, 40% FeO and 1.0 opt Ag was retreated to recover better than 75% of the metal values. The addition of limestone and coke was required …
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Cleaning experiments of a copper matte smelting slag from the water-jacket furnace was undertaken by direct reduction in a laboratory-scale electric furnace. The effects of coal-to-slag ratio, w, and the reduction time, t, were considered for two different coal/slag mixing procedures. In the first procedure, metallurgical coal was added to the ...
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The first is grinding followed by flotation, and the second is slag cleaning in an (electrical) furnace. Popularity of both options has fluctuated over the years, and currently the …
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Magnetite stratification and a corresponding gradient in copper content occurred in the slag. The experimental results, combined with an analysis of the phenomena taking place in an electric furnace, led to an improved understanding of the slag cleaning mechanism and contributed to the successful start up of the slag cleaning electric furnace ...
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